Simulation of Computer Graphics Techniques Gaming Project in C++

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3 weeks ago

#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
#include <iostream>

// Screen dimensions
const int SCREEN_WIDTH = 800;
const int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600;

// Function to initialize SDL and create a window
SDL_Window* initWindow(SDL_Renderer** renderer) {
    if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0) {
        std::cerr << "SDL could not initialize! SDL_Error: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
        return nullptr;
    }

    SDL_Window* window = SDL_CreateWindow("SDL2 Graphics Simulation", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
    if (window == nullptr) {
        std::cerr << "Window could not be created! SDL_Error: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
        SDL_Quit();
        return nullptr;
    }

    *renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED);
    if (*renderer == nullptr) {
        std::cerr << "Renderer could not be created! SDL_Error: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
        SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
        SDL_Quit();
        return nullptr;
    }

    return window;
}

// Main function
int main() {
    SDL_Renderer* renderer = nullptr;
    SDL_Window* window = initWindow(&renderer);
    if (window == nullptr) {
        return 1;
    }

    // Main loop flag
    bool quit = false;
    SDL_Event e;

    // Main loop
    while (!quit) {
        while (SDL_PollEvent(&e) != 0) {
            if (e.type == SDL_QUIT) {
                quit = true;
            }
        }

        // Clear screen
        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 255, 255, 255); // White background
        SDL_RenderClear(renderer);

        // Draw a red rectangle
        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 0, 0, 255); // Red color
        SDL_Rect fillRect = { 100, 100, 200, 150 };
        SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &fillRect);

        // Draw a blue circle
        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 255, 255); // Blue color
        int centerX = 400, centerY = 300, radius = 100;
        for (int y = -radius; y <= radius; y++) {
            for (int x = -radius; x <= radius; x++) {
                if (x*x + y*y <= radius*radius) {
                    SDL_RenderDrawPoint(renderer, centerX + x, centerY + y);
                }
            }
        }

        // Update screen
        SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
    }

    // Clean up
    SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
    SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
    SDL_Quit();

    return 0;
}

#include <SDL2/SDL.h>

#include <iostream>

// Screen dimensions

const int SCREEN_WIDTH = 800;

const int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600;

// Function to initialize SDL and create a window

SDL_Window* initWindow(SDL_Renderer** renderer) {

if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0) {

std::cerr << "SDL could not initialize! SDL_Error: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;

return nullptr;

}

SDL_Window* window = SDL_CreateWindow("SDL2 Graphics Simulation", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);

if (window == nullptr) {

std::cerr << "Window could not be created! SDL_Error: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;

SDL_Quit();

return nullptr;

}

*renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED);

if (*renderer == nullptr) {

std::cerr << "Renderer could not be created! SDL_Error: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;

SDL_DestroyWindow(window);

SDL_Quit();

return nullptr;

}

return window;

}

// Main function

int main() {

SDL_Renderer* renderer = nullptr;

SDL_Window* window = initWindow(&renderer);

if (window == nullptr) {

return 1;

}

// Main loop flag

bool quit = false;

SDL_Event e;

// Main loop

while (!quit) {

while (SDL_PollEvent(&e) != 0) {

if (e.type == SDL_QUIT) {

quit = true;

}

// Clear screen

SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 255, 255, 255); // White background

SDL_RenderClear(renderer);

// Draw a red rectangle

SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 0, 0, 255); // Red color

SDL_Rect fillRect = { 100, 100, 200, 150 };

SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &fillRect);

// Draw a blue circle

SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 255, 255); // Blue color

int centerX = 400, centerY = 300, radius = 100;

for (int y = -radius; y <= radius; y++) {

for (int x = -radius; x <= radius; x++) {

if (x*x + y*y <= radius*radius) {

SDL_RenderDrawPoint(renderer, centerX + x, centerY + y);

}

// Update screen

SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);

}

// Clean up

SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);

SDL_DestroyWindow(window);

SDL_Quit();

return 0;

}

Explanation:

Initialization:
- initWindow(SDL_Renderer** renderer): Initializes SDL, creates a window, and sets up a renderer. Handles errors and prints messages if initialization fails.
Main Function:
- Creates a window and renderer using initWindow()
  
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  .
- Enters the main loop where it handles events (e.g., window close) and updates the graphics.
- Clears the screen with a white color.
- Draws a red rectangle using SDL_RenderFillRect().
- Draws a blue circle by iterating over pixel coordinates and checking if they fall within the circle’s radius using the equation $x2+y2≤r2x^2 + y^2 \leq r^2$ .
- Updates the screen with SDL_RenderPresent().
Cleanup:
- Destroys the renderer and window, and quits SDL before exiting the program.

Explanation:

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