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#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> // Constants const double INITIAL_A = 100.0; // Initial concentration of A const double INITIAL_B = 50.0; // Initial concentration of B const double REACTION_RATE = 0.1; // Reaction rate constant const double TIME_STEP = 0.1; // Time step for simulation const int STEPS = 100; // Number of simulation steps // ChemicalReaction class class ChemicalReaction { public: ChemicalReaction(double a, double b, double rate) : concentrationA(a), concentrationB(b), rate(rate) {} void simulateStep() { double deltaC = rate * concentrationA * concentrationB * TIME_STEP; concentrationA -= deltaC; concentrationB -= deltaC; concentrationC += deltaC; // Ensure concentrations do not go negative if (concentrationA < 0) concentrationA = 0; if (concentrationB < 0) concentrationB = 0; } void printStatus(double time) const { std::cout << "Time: " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1) << time << " A: " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << concentrationA << " B: " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << concentrationB << " C: " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << concentrationC << std::endl; } private: double concentrationA; // Concentration of chemical A double concentrationB; // Concentration of chemical B double concentrationC = 0.0; // Concentration of chemical C (product) double rate; // Reaction rate constant }; int main() { ChemicalReaction reaction(INITIAL_A, INITIAL_B, REACTION_RATE); std::cout << "Simulation of Chemical Reaction:" << std::endl; std::cout << "Initial Conditions:" << std::endl; reaction.printStatus(0.0); for (int step = 1; step <= STEPS; ++step) { reaction.simulateStep(); double time = step * TIME_STEP; reaction.printStatus(time); } return 0; } |
Explanation:
- ChemicalReaction Class:
concentrationA: The current concentration of chemical A.concentrationB: The current concentration of chemical B.concentrationC: The current concentration of the product C.rate: The reaction rate constant.ChemicalReaction(double a, double b, double rate): Constructor to initialize the concentrations and rate.simulateStep(): Updates the concentrations based on the reaction rate and time step. The amount of product formed (deltaC) is calculated and subtracted from the reactants.printStatus(double time) const: Prints the current status of the concentrations and time.
- Main Function:
- Initializes the
ChemicalReactionobject with initial concentrations and reaction rate. - Prints the initial status.
- Simulates the reaction over a specified number of steps, updating and printing the concentrations at each step.
- Initializes the